Explanations

DAP
The clause DAP (delivered at place) views the delivery as complete if the goods are made available to the purchaser on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the designated place. The vendor bares all risks in conjunction with the transportation to this place. It is therefore a somewhat general clause in which the designated place is to be determined as precisely as possible.

DAT
Pursuant to DAT (delivered at terminal) the vendor delivers the goods as soon as they are unloaded from the means of transport and made available to the purchaser at the designated terminal in the designated port or place of destination. “Terminal” refers to any place, undercover or not. It could be a quay, a warehouse, a container depot or a road, rail or an airfreight terminal.

DDP
DDP presents the maximum obligation for the vendor. They bare all costs and risk to the designated place of the goods and undertake to clear them for import and export, to pay for all taxes for the import and export and to take care of all customs formalities

EXW
EXW presents the minimum obligation for the vendor. Different to the use of FCA, with EXW the vendor has no liability to the purchaser to load the goods or to clear them for export. Should they load them, under EXW the purchaser bares the risk and costs.